Dr. S.S. Maity, D. Basu, A.Roy, , P. Bhattacharya
and A. Basak.
Freshwater Fisheries Research Station. P.O. N.S.
Sanatorium.
Kulia, Kalyani, Nadia,
The effect of ultrasonic sound on breeding performance of Puntius
sarana (Ham), a commercially important freshwater fish of
Key word: Puntius sarana (Ham), Induced breeding,
Ultrasonic Emission.
Puntius sarana locally known as Sar Punti is
widely distributed fish found in
Induced Breeding Technique: Selection of brooders was made as
per conventional methods of brooder selection of Indian Major Carp. Brooders
were kept separately on hapa under shower for 4 to 5 hours for conditioning. At
5 p.m. brooders of P. sarana were
injected with Ovaprim @ 1 ml/kg body weight to both male (10 nos in each set of
experiment) and female (5 nos in each set of experiment) peritonially with the
help of 2 ml syringe and 26 No needle with needle guard. After injection both
the sexes were transferred to nylon hapa with mop as the eggs are adhesive in
nature (Borah et al 1999). A shower was maintained to create a natural rainy
condition as well as to avoid the depletion of dissolve oxygen content. A
parallel set was also maintained as a control.
Exposure to Ultrasonic Emission: All the fishes of the experimental set up (except control)
were subjected to continuous exposure to ultrasonic sound since they were kept
in nylon hapa after injection. One pair of Telenet Fish Grower (an electronic
device, cylindrical in look with one end conical, 16/17 inches length, 1.7/2.0
inches diameter embedded inside the cylinder and operated by 2x1.5 volts D-cell
batteries) was placed in the cistern where the experimental set was kept after
injection in such a manner that the fishes were continuously exposed to the
regular and unceasing emission of ultrasonic sound.
Spawning Response, Fertilization, Development and
Hatching: Fertilization
and hatching rates were estimated based on 100 placed in 500 ml beaker.
Hatching rate was determined as the percentage of eggs hatched from the
fertilized eggs.
Physico – Chemical Parameters of Water: Physico – chemical parameters were
studied during breeding period following Standard Method (APHA, 1985)
Table-1: Comparison of breeding performance of P. sarana using Ultrasonic emission.
|
Experiment |
Weight of brood fish (g) |
Dose of Ovaprim (ml/kg) |
Spawning success(%) |
Fertilization rate (%) |
Spawn survival (%) |
||||
|
Male |
Female |
Male |
Female |
||||||
|
Avg |
Range |
Avg |
Range |
||||||
|
With ultrasonic exposure Control |
67 63 |
64-70 60-70 |
71 100 |
67-73 80-120 |
1 1 |
1 1 |
80 60 |
92 61 |
90 80 |
Table – 2: Water Quality Parameters and Weather Conditions
as observed at the time of Experiment.
Experiment
|
Weather condition
|
Air Temperature 0C
|
Water Quality
Parameters
|
|||
Temperature 0C
|
D.O.
(ppm) |
pH
|
Alkalinity
(ppm) |
|||
|
With ultrasonic exposure Control
|
Rainy
Rainy |
29 ± 0.5
|
28 ± 0.75
|
5.2 ± 0.6
|
7.3 ± 0.1
|
110 ± 2.3
|
The results in detail are given in Table-1. In case of
experimental set (exposed to ultra sound emission) 80% spawning response was
reported, where as in control set only 60% spawning success was observed. In
spite of having much lower average weight of female brooder (71 g) than control
(100 g) the experimental set perform better in respect of spawning. The
fertilization percentage was much higher in experimental set (92%) than control
(61%). Spawn survivality was reported 90% in experimental set and 80% in case
of control the water quality parameter observed during breeding was mentioned
in Table- 2. Biswas et al, 2006 reported
that the breeding efficiency of IMC fishes increased to a significant level
when ultrasonic sound is used. Higher spawning success, fertilization rate,
maturation of fishes (IMC and Magur) under the exposure of ultrasonic emission
were also reported. The present study was made on P. sarana and it was established that definitely there is a
positive effect of ultrasound on P.
sarana maturation, spawning, fertilization and survivality of spawn.
Ultrasonic sound induce the physiology of fishes in a much better manner while
breeding and it has a synergistic effect when applied along with some inducing
agent on fish during breeding and maturation.
From the above findings it can be concluded that breeding
efficiency of a fish can be increased to a significant level using ultrasonic
emission and further work in this field is needed to understand the process of
physiological changes during ultrasound exposure on fish and to establish it
for the propagation to economically important fishes as well as the fishes
which are under threat of extinction.
Acknowledgement:
The authors are thankful to the
Directorate / Department of Fisheries, Government of West Bengal for providing
necessary infrastructure for this study. Further thanks to the farm-staff and
the laboratory staff of the Freshwater Fisheries Research Station, Kulia,
Kalyani, Nadia who whole-heartedly extended all sorts of assistance and support
in this study.
References: